A review of the scope of potential genome editing applications, the strategies from the most basic (2012) to the most recent (i.e. No. 11866), the current status of tissue specific delivery, accuracy, precision and safety of genome editing, clinical/therapeutic genome editing, and heritable genome editing. The 115 references to landmarks in the brief history of this science are arranged with bold letter synopsis under each, documenting watershed moments over the previous decade. Doudma concluded her Abstract with, "Genome editing is— or will soon be— in the clinic for several diseases, with more applications under development. The rapid pace of the field demands active efforts to ensure that this breakthrough technology is used responsibly to treat, cure and prevent genetic diseases."

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Hampton, Watson, Fineran. Summarizes, and documents with 173 references, the extensive research on the multitude of methods that bacteriophages use to disable the CRISPR immune system attacks from their bacteria hosts.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Mendoza, Nieweglowska, Govindarajan. The authors showed that the large phage that specifically infects a Pseudomonas bacterium segregates its DNA, which the phage CRISPR would attack and destroy, by building a proteinaceous compartment or wall around its DNA. This protein barrier makes its DNA inaccessible to the CRISPR nuclease attack and destruction. This could be called the operation of natural selection at the molecular level.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Al-Shayeb, Sachdeva, Chen.... Doudna.  Open access, available from nature.com at this link.

This paper was a collaboration of about 50 scientists of diverse regions and specialities, assembled to advance knowledge of the bacteriophage evolutionary response and the tools huge phages possess against the onslaught of the bacterial immune system. The authors reconstructed 351 phage sequences and derived metagenomics datasets acquired from human feces, buccal areas, animal fecal samples, freshwater lakes and rivers, marine ecosystems sediments, hot springs soils, deep subsurface habitats, etc., mirroring most aspects of the earth's ecosystems. The main findings of this research were:

1. Many of the genomes of large phages have a length that rivals those of small celled bacteria.

2. These expanded genomes of large phages include diverse and previously undescribed CRISPR-Cas systems, TRNA's, tRNA synthases, tRNA modification enzymes, ribosomal proteins and others.

3. CRISPR-Cas systems of phages have the capacity to silence host transcriptional factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage encoded functions.

4. Some phages may repurpose bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems to eliminate competing phages.

5. The number of huge genome phages was far higher than expected.

6. Some phages that lack genes for interference and spacer integration have similar CRISPR repeats as their hosts and may therefore use the Cas proteins of the host.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

The definitive reference on Sir William Osler, his life, his times, his friends, and his influence. Osler was voted "the most influential physician in history" in a 2016 survey of North American doctors, but his interests and influence transcend medicine. This is the first comprehensive reference on Osler's personality, character, life, times and thinking about a broad range of issues relevant to the human condition. The nearly 967 page work written by 135 contributors addresses four questions:

What was Osler really like, and what did he do?

What did Osler write, and who influenced his thinking?

How has Osler been assessed during the century since his death in 1919?

Does Osler still matter, and, if so, how?

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1

"During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Gardner recognised that the public, researchers and health authorities needed clear, accessible and up-to-date information.^[8] Working with a team in Australia, Gardner and Ensheng Dong created an interactive dashboard that debuted on January 22, 2020.^[9][10] During March 2020, the platform was accessed 1.2 billion times per day.^[9]" (Wikipedia article on Lauren Gardner (scientist), accessed 3-2020).

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

https://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov/

Published on March 5, 2020. 

Order of authorship in the original publication: Holshue, DeBolt, Lindquist....Cohn. 

"Summary

"An outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. We report the first case of 2019-nCoV infection confirmed in the United States and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the patient’s initial mild symptoms at presentation with progression to pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as the need for rapid dissemination of clinical information related to the care of patients with this emerging infection.

"On December 31, 2019, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia in people associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, Hubei Province.1On January 7, 2020, Chinese health authorities confirmed that this cluster was associated with a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV.2 Although cases were originally reported to be associated with exposure to the seafood market in Wuhan, current epidemiologic data indicate that person-to-person transmission of 2019-nCoV is occurring.3-6 As of January 30, 2020, a total of 9976 cases had been reported in at least 21 countries,7 including the first confirmed case of 2019-nCoV infection in the United States, reported on January 20, 2020. Investigations are under way worldwide to better understand transmission dynamics and the spectrum of clinical illness. This report describes the epidemiologic and clinical features of the first case of 2019-nCoV infection confirmed in the United States."

Digital facsimile from nejm.org at this link.

This article was published in Nature on 3 February 2020. Prior to that a version with a different title and numerous other co-authors was published in bioRxiv on 23 January 2020, as "Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with a recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin". The publication date of  23 January 2020 makes this paper the earliest scientific paper  published in a Western language describing the COVID-19 pandemic.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Zhou, Yang, Zheng. 

Abstract of the paper as it appeared in Nature on 3 February 2020:

"Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats 1,2,3,4. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans 5,6,7. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV."

Open access from nature.com at this link.

"From online journal clubs to 'tweetorials' to conference updates, social media is changing the dissemination and discussion of biomedicine."

Open access from nature.com at this link.  Reprinted by scientificamerican.com on April 1, 2020 at this link.

This paper was published online on March 26, 2020 and updated periodically.  When I added it to this database on April 2, 2020 it had been updated on March 31, 2020. At that time the paper was available from healthdata.org at this link.

The paper was accompanied by data visualizations entitled COVID-19 US State-by-State Projections.

The interactive versions of these projections, available for the U.S. as a whole, and state by state, were available here:

https://covid19.healthdata.org/projections

Order of authorship in the original publication: Herries, Martin, Leece....Menter.

Summary:

"Understanding the extinction of Australopithecus and origins of Paranthropus and Homo in South Africa has been hampered by the perceived complex geological context of hominin fossils, poor chronological resolution, and a lack of well-preserved early Homo specimens. We describe, date, and contextualize the discovery of two hominin crania from Drimolen Main Quarry in South Africa. At ~2.04 million to 1.95 million years old, DNH 152 represents the earliest definitive occurrence of Paranthropus robustus, and DNH 134 represents the earliest occurrence of a cranium with clear affinities to Homo erectus. These crania also show that Homo, Paranthropus, and Australopithecus were contemporaneous at ~2 million years ago. This high taxonomic diversity is also reflected in non-hominin species and provides evidence of endemic evolution and dispersal during a period of climatic variability."

Available online from science.sciencemag.org at this link.

The Downey cell method for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis remains effective and cost-effective nearly 100 years after it was discovered:

"An 18-year-old woman visited her physician because she had a fever, a sore throat, and painful swellings in her neck for the past 5 days. A rapid antigen detection test for streptococcus was negative, and because of exudates on the patient's tonsils and very enlarged cervical lymph nodes, the physician tested for infectious mononucleosis or glandular fever. A rapid point-of-care test for heterophile antibodies—the Monospot test—was negative, a full blood count with autodifferential was normal, and a throat culture for group A streptococcus was negative. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies—viral capsid antigen IgM and IgG, and EBV-associated nuclear antigen antibodies—were also negative."

After her visit to the physician the patient's condition deteriorated. When she went to the emergency room a manual differential was done, and it was loaded with with all three types of Downey cells. To confirm the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, they tested her plasma for viral DNA with the relatively expensive EBV PCR (Epstein Barr Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction test), which gave a positive result. This confirmed the diagnosis.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Wu, Zhao...Holmes, Zang. This was the first paper written in China, and published in a Western language, on the first COVID-19 patient admitted to any Wuhan hospital on December 26, 2019. Nature received the paper on January 7, 2020, but did not publish it until February 3, 2020.

Abstract:

"Emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Zika virus disease, present a major threat to public health1,2,3. Despite intense research efforts, how, when and where new diseases appear are still a source of considerable uncertainty. A severe respiratory disease was recently reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 25 January 2020, at least 1,975 cases had been reported since the first patient was hospitalized on 12 December 2019. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that the outbreak was associated with a seafood market in Wuhan. Here we study a single patient who was a worker at the market and who was admitted to the Central Hospital of Wuhan on 26 December 2019 while experiencing a severe respiratory syndrome that included fever, dizziness and a cough. Metagenomic RNA sequencing4 of a sample of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the patient identified a new RNA virus strain from the family Coronaviridae, which is designated here ‘WH-Human 1’ coronavirus (and has also been referred to as ‘2019-nCoV’). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete viral genome (29,903 nucleotides) revealed that the virus was most closely related (89.1% nucleotide similarity) to a group of SARS-like coronaviruses (genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus) that had previously been found in bats in China5. This outbreak highlights the ongoing ability of viral spill-over from animals to cause severe disease in humans."

Open access from nature.com at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2020/03/26/archiving-web-content-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

"The National Library of Medicine is archiving web and social media documenting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as part of the Library’s ongoing Global Health Events web archive collection. NLM’s Web Collecting and Archiving Working Group began this effort on January 30 when the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and will continue to develop the collection throughout its duration.  This work follows NLM’s earlier Global Health Events archive collecting related to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak, the 2016 Zika Virus Outbreak, and more.

The Working Group is archiving content documenting the international, federal, state, and local government response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as well as social media communications using popular hashtags.  NLM will continue and expand this effort to document a broad range of perspectives, reactions, and response to the pandemic in support of future research and understanding of this global health event.

This work is supported by the Collection Development Guidelines of the NLM , which considers Web sites, blogs, social media and other web content to play an increasingly important role in documenting the scholarly biomedical record and illustrating a diversity of cultural perspectives in health and medicine. NLM will continue to develop, review, describe, and add content related to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak to the Global Health Events web archive and welcomes recommendations for additional content to include.  For more information about NLM’s Web collecting efforts, please visit https://www.nlm.nih.gov/webcollecting/."

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v5tso8spFq6SpW53h2OJULcdRoPEbyI6xpah31kW-H0/edit
[I copied this document into this database on April 9, 2020.]

"Documenting COVID-19

"https://bit.ly/doc-covid19

#doccovid19

This is a collaborative document that lists active documentation projects for the COVID-19. In addition there are sections for guides and tools that can be useful for starting documentation projects of your own. All languages are welcome. The goal is to help build a loose network for sharing practices, resources and expertise. Editing is currently open, but please see the Documenting the Now Code of Conduct for guidance on how to contribute to this document.

Projects

These are active projects to collect materials related to the Coronavirus pandemic. Please list in alphabetical order the name of the project and at least one URL for a page that describes it. If you would like to add more detail please feel free.

• #ArxivemlaCovid19 (#DocumentingCovid19): Society of Catalan Archivist-Records Managers  https://arxivers.com/documentingcovid19-tips-for-citizens-archivists/
• Universität Hamburg, Universität Gießen, Universität Bochum, all Germany:

www.coronarchiv.de an online archive as a public history project (Citizen Science)

• Colorado State University: https://lib.colostate.edu/find/contribute-to-the-covid-19-archive/, https://archive-it.org/collections/13783
• A Journal of the Plague Year: an Archive of CoVid19: https://covid19.omeka.net/
• CoronaDiaries: Documenting the everyday lived experiences of a global pandemic (Dr Michael Ward, Swansea University, UK) 

https://es.britsoc.co.uk/coronadiaries-documenting-the-everyday-lived-experiences-of-a-global-pandemic/ and https://www.swansea.ac.uk/press-office/news-events/news/2020/04/how-your-coronadiary-could-help-us-understand-more-about-living-through-a-pandemic.php 

• COVID-19 Files: Austin Responds to a Pandemic: https://library.austintexas.gov/covid-19-files 
• COVID-19 Oral History Project: https://sites.google.com/iu.edu/covid-19oralhistoryproject/
• CUNY Distance Learning Archive (Documenting the transition to online instruction at CUNY during the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic). https://cdla.commons.gc.cuny.edu/
• DC Public Library Special Collections has around 1 million Twitter records of COVID-19 related material within a 30 mile radius of Washginton, D.C., captured with Social Feed Manager and twarc (https://digdc.dclibrary.org/islandora/object/dcplislandora%3A237558), and the beginnings of a collection in Archive-It, most of which is not yet public  (https://archive-it.org/collections/13803). Contact [email protected]. 
• Digital Justice Lab at Dartmouth (Wernimont and Stevens) has been collecting social media daily since January. More than 10 million records. No public website to date, but open to collab and sharing. Contact [email protected] 
• The Historic New Orleans Collection: https://www.hnoc.org/publications/first-draft/chronicling-coronavirus-our-effort-document-crisis-starts-you 
• International Center for Photography: (https://www.icp.org/news/icpconcerned-a-forum-for-all-to-document-the-covid-19-pandemic)
• International Internet Preservation Consortium. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): https://netpreserveblog.wordpress.com/2020/02/13/cdg-collection-novel-coronavirus/ 
• Irvington Historical Society: https://thehudsonindependent.com/irvington-historical-society-requests-personal-stories-during-the-covid-19-crisis/ 
• La Crosse (Wisconsin) Public Library Archives: Documenting Community Voices https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScUqdeEvNtnLWpMlgs8lENQD9bahFY7ukcZqnSwdtG7teoR4Q/viewform
• Manitowoc County (Wisconsin) Historical Society, Telling Your Story: Documenting COVID-19 https://www.manitowoccountyhistory.org/telling-covid19 
• Maryland Historical Society: https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/the-maryland-historical-society-wants-to-hear-your-pandemic-story/ 
• Michigan State University: (https://lib.msu.edu/branches/ua/covid19/)
• Monmouth County Historical Association

           https://www.monmouthhistory.org/covid19

• Naper Settlement, Naperville 2020: Pandemic Collecting Initiative https://napersettlement.org/597/Current-Collecting-Initiatives
• National Library of Medicine: Global Health Events Web Archive (Archive-It collection group Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak) NLM blog post: https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2020/03/26/archiving-web-content-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/ . Contact Christie Moffatt ([email protected])
• nCovMemory: https://2019ncovmemory.github.io/nCovMemory/
• Ohio State University (Archive-It): https://archive-it.org/collections/8222?fc=meta_Subject%3ACovid-19 
• Orange County Regional History Center (https://www.orlandosentinel.com/coronavirus/os-ne-health-coronavirus-history-center-collecting-photos-docs-20200320-q3rnuvi52zfh5oasdugtzkl57q-story.html)
• Reddit: Coronavirus Subreddit: http://reddit.com/r/coronavirus 
• Schenectady County Historical Society: http://gremsdoolittlelibrary.blogspot.com/2020/03/covid-19-archive-project.html
• Small Businesses and Coronavirus: https://smallbusinesscovid19.omeka.net/ 
• Society of American Archivists Web Archiving Section: (https://webarchivingrt.wordpress.com/)--contact Nicole Greenhouse ([email protected])
• UNC Charlotte: Contribute Your Stories--COVID-19 Outbreak: https://library.uncc.edu/contribute-your-stories-covid-19-outbreak
• University of Cincinnati web archiving on COVID-19’s impact on campus: https://archive-it.org/collections/13197?fc=websiteGroup%3AUC+COVID-19  
• University of Dayton
• Virgin Mary and COVID-19 web archive (Marian Library): https://archive-it.org/collections/8222?fc=meta_Subject%3ACovid-19 
• The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Church web archive: https://archive-it.org/collections/13703
• Contribute primary sources related to Mary (https://udayton.edu/blogs/imri/2020-03-30-documenting-devotion-to-mary-in-troubled-times.php), and UD community (https://udayton.edu/blogs/libraries/2020-03-31-pandemics.php)
• University of Illinois Archives - What’s Your Story? COVID-19 and the University of Illinois Community: https://archives.library.illinois.edu/about-us/initiatives/covid-19/
• University of San Francisco - USF COVID-19 Response Archive Project: https://twitter.com/usfca_scua/status/1248088840444641280 
• University of Utah - Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection: https://lib.utah.edu/services/digital-library/COVID19_digitalcollection
• University of Virginia Claude Moore Health Sciences Library
• Virginia-focused web archive of COVID-19 --contact Emily Bowden ([email protected]) or Dan Cavanaugh ([email protected]) for more information
• We don’t yet have a public collection link, so I’ll share our Webrecorder how-do documentation instead - geared toward new users: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IM3IOq94dD1QRXQT8QYZBzt5K0pqTS90W6vAuzKNSO8/edit?usp=sharing
• University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, COVID-19 MKE: A Milwaukee Coronavirus Digital Archive https://liblamp.uwm.edu/omeka/covid19mke/
• Vermont Folklife Center, Listening in Place https://www.vermontfolklifecenter.org/covid19-updates/listening-in-place
• West Virginia and Regional History Center (WVU Libraries) https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/news-events/wvu-community-covid-19-stories 
• Wisconsin Historical Society, COVID-19 Journal Project
  https://wisconsinhistory.org/records/Article/CS16333
• Wright State University Libraries, Special Collections & Archives: ://www.libraries.wright.edu/community/outofthebox/2020/03/23/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-crisis-document-your-story/https
• Twitter harvests with twarc, for libraries and COVID-19 https://github.com/pbinkley/tweets-libraries-covid19, the transition to online teaching https://github.com/pbinkley/tweets-online-classes-covid19, and the National Emergency Library https://github.com/pbinkley/tweets-national-emergency-library 
• Stitching the Curve: knitting a data visualization of COVID-19 cases in Canada https://docs.google.com/document/d/13UtkoPf3wmiRUP9F_sEqBwAPBHnQUiHI5cHlTMLivsk/edit?ts=5e88b3a6
• Lorain Historical Society (Lorain, Ohio) https://www.lorainhistory.org/new-page-5
• Wyner Family Jewish Heritage Center (located in Boston, MA & collecting from Jewish New England communities) https://jewishheritagecenter.org/forthefuture
• BoasBlog, Witnessing Corona: Corona Diaries Project; https://boasblogs.org/witnessingcorona/curare-corona-diaries-project/#disqus_thread

Guides

This is a list of resources & guides that are useful in building a collection. A title and a URL are required, but feel free to add more detail if you think it is useful.

• Society of American Archivists. Documenting in Times of Crisis: A Resource Kit. https://www2.archivists.org/advocacy/documenting-in-times-of-crisis-a-resource-kit 
• Documenting the Now. The Ferguson Principles. https://news.docnow.io/documenting-the-now-ethics-white-paper-43477929ea3e 

ToolsDocNow Tools: https://www.docnow.io/

• Omeka: https://omeka.net 

This list contains tools that you may find useful for creating collections. A name and URL are required, but feel free to add more detail if you think it is useful.

• Social Feed Manager: https://go.gwu.edu/sfm
• Twarc: https://github.com/DocNow/twarc (twitter harvesting)
• Webrecorder: https://webrecorder.io 

Additional Reading

• How Can Photographers Capture Human Connection in the Age of Coronavirus (CNN): https://www.cnn.com/style/article/photographers-human-connection-coronavirus/index.html
• Museums Scramble to Document the Pandemic, Even as it Unfolds (NYT): https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/arts/design/museums-coronavirus-pandemic-artifacts.html "

Chapters relevant to this bibliography include:
 
Zoology by Arnaud Zucker
Botany by Alain Touwaide
Medicine and Pharmacy by Alain Touwaide
Veterinary Medicine by Stavros Lazaris
Byzantine Theories of Vision by Katerina Ierodiakonou.

"Abstract

Order of authorship in the original publication: Radin, Wineinger, Topol, Steinhubl.

"Background

"Acute infections can cause an individual to have an elevated resting heart rate (RHR) and change their routine daily activities due to the physiological response to the inflammatory insult. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate if population trends of seasonal respiratory infections, such as influenza, could be identified through wearable sensors that collect RHR and sleep data.

"Methods

"We obtained de-identified sensor data from 200 000 individuals who used a Fitbit wearable device from March 1, 2016, to March 1, 2018, in the USA. We included users who wore a Fitbit for at least 60 days and used the same wearable throughout the entire period, and focused on the top five states with the most Fitbit users in the dataset: California, Texas, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. Inclusion criteria included having a self-reported birth year between 1930 and 2004, height greater than 1 m, and weight greater than 20 kg. We excluded daily measurements with missing RHR, missing wear time, and wear time less than 1000 min per day. We compared sensor data with weekly estimates of influenza-like illness (ILI) rates at the state level, as reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by identifying weeks in which Fitbit users displayed elevated RHRs and increased sleep levels. For each state, we modelled ILI case counts with a negative binomial model that included 3-week lagged CDC ILI rate data (null model) and the proportion of weekly Fitbit users with elevated RHR and increased sleep duration above a specified threshold (full model). We also evaluated weekly change in ILI rate by linear regression using change in proportion of elevated Fitbit data. Pearson correlation was used to compare predicted versus CDC reported ILI rates.

"Findings

"We identified 47 249 users in the top five states who wore a Fitbit consistently during the study period, including more than 13·3 million total RHR and sleep measures. We found the Fitbit data significantly improved ILI predictions in all five states, with an average increase in Pearson correlation of 0·12 (SD 0·07) over baseline models, corresponding to an improvement of 6·3–32·9%. Correlations of the final models with the CDC ILI rates ranged from 0·84 to 0·97. Week-to-week changes in the proportion of Fitbit users with abnormal data were associated with week-to-week changes in ILI rates in most cases.

"Interpretation

"Activity and physiological trackers are increasingly used in the USA and globally to monitor individual health. By accessing these data, it could be possible to improve real-time and geographically refined influenza surveillance. This information could be vital to enact timely outbreak response measures to prevent further transmission of influenza cases during outbreaks."

Open access from thelancet.com at this link.

https://covid19.topos.com/

"COVID-19 Compiler aims to display relevant data about the novel coronavirus outbreak in the United States.

"Our goal is to provide a multidimensional view of covid-19’s impact in counties across the US encompassing the mapping of vulnerable populations, state and local policies to reduce transmission, and data on medical / health care resources. The site is updated daily with the latest data available on the outbreak.

The site provides numerous other maps covering different statistics such as political affiliation, income, co-morbidities, etc.

April 1, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/world/europe/coronavirus-science-research-cooperation.html