Focusing on Jan Swammerdam and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the author demonstrates that their uneasiness with their social circumstances spurred their discoveries. Ruestow argues that while aspects of Dutch culture impeded serious research with the microscope, the contemporary culture shaped how Swammerdam and Leeuwenhoek responded to what they saw through the lens. 

Caius, a pioneer naturalist as well as a physician, corresponded with Conrad Gessner, with whom he had made friends while returning from Padua. Caius wrote this study of British dogs to send to Gessner as a contribution (not used) to Gessner's Historiae animalium, and also sent Gessner drawings of dogs, which were printed in later editions of Gessner's work. Translated into English as Of Englishe dogges, the diversities, the names, the natures and the properties. A short treatise written in Latine and newly drawne into Englishe by Abraham Fleming (London: Rychard Johnes, 1576). Digital facsimile of an 1880 edition of Fleming's translation from the Internet Archive at this link.

Rush inaugurated the first regular course of lectures on chemistry taught in America, at the College of Philadelphia. Includes much on pharmaceutical chemistry. Facsimile reprint with an introduction by L. H. Butterfield, Philadelphia: Friends of the University of Pennsylvania Library, 1954.

Donald Monro was the second son of Alexander Monro (primus). Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

When this was published Tilton was serving as the first Surgeon General of the Army. On the title page of his book he characterized himself as "Physician and Surgeon in the Revolutionary Army of the United States." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. Revised edition, 1915, of which a digital facsimile is available from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile of the third, revised edition (1917) from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile of Vol. 1 from the Hathi Trust at this link. Vol. 2 is availabel from the U.S. Army Medical Department, Office of Medical History at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Digital edition from U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

Letterman originated modern methods for medical organization in armies and on the battlefield. His system of organization enabled thousands of wounded men to be recovered and treated during the American Civil War. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

http://history.amedd.army.mil/books.html

"The US Army Medical Department has an extensive and illustrious history. Brief historical highlights include maintaining one of the oldest regiments within the Army, providing the antecedent organization for the Army Reserve system, and establishing some of the first methods to capture lessons learned. Preserving, interpreting, and publishing the history of the US Army Medical Department, is the mission of the Office of Medical History. Operating almost continuously since 1862, forms of the Office of Medical History have endured numerous organizational changes. Despite the different incarnations, the Office of Medical History continues to record the activities of the US Army Medical Department and provide Soldiers and the general public with a variety of historical products."

Many of the official histories of the U. S. Army Medical Department from its inception to the near present are available at this link.

SECTION 1: A Historic Perspective on the Principles of Military Preventive Medicine 1
1. Preventive Medicine and Command Authority—Leviticus to Schwarzkopf 3
2. The Historical Impact of Preventive Medicine in War 21
3. The Historic Role of Military Preventive Medicine and Public Health in US Armies of Occupation and Military Government 59
4. Preventive Medicine in Military Operations Other Than War 79
5. Conserving the Fighting Strength: Milestones of Operational Military Preventive Medicine Research 105

Digital facsimile from history.army.mil at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile of vols. 2-9 from the Hathi Trust at this link. (When I created this entry in March 2017 it was unclear whether vol. 1 was ever published.)

Digital text from U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

"The Army Veterinary Service has three major missions: (1) Inspection of food used by the military including its processing and the sanitary inspections of the establishments producing it; (2) provision of a comprehensive animal service; and (3) conduct of veterinary laboratory services concerned with food and various types of research. All of these missions assist the Army Medical Service to protect the health of human beings and animals.

"The veterinary animal service, as might have been expected, was the major activity of the Veterinary Corps in World War I. Great numbers of horses and mules were used, in a ratio of one animal to every three men. The outcome of major campaigns frequently depended upon the size and efficiency of animal transport. In World War II, which was a war of men and machines, the ratio was 1 animal to every 134 men. Obviously, in such a war, food inspection was the principal task of the Army Veterinary Service, and medical service for animals was of somewhat lesser importance. In World War I, an estimated 20 percent of Veterinary Corps personnel were utilized to inspect the Army's subsistence supply. In World War II, between 90 and 95 percent were used for this purpose...." (Foreward).

Digital text available from U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

Digital text from the U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link. (This study does not seem to have been formally published; WorldCat is uncertain of its publication date.)

The development of military dentistry in the United States, from beginnings in the early 17th century, through the professionalization of dentistry in the 19th century, dental care on both sides of the Civil War, the establishment of the US Army Dental Corps in 1909, and the expansion of the Corps through World War I and afterward, to the verge of the Second World War.

Digital text from the U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

Digital text available from U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

"The introduction of the helicopter to the Army Medical Department's traditional battlefield mission of medical evacuation of sick, injured, and wounded soldiers from frontline units to hospitals in the rear had its rudimentary beginnings in World War II. During the Korean War, the helicopter came of age and soon became the primary means for evacuating the most seriously wounded, injured, and ill soldiers from the very fighting front to mobile army surgical hospitals (MASHes) and rear area evacuation hospitals for life-saving treatment.  Helicopter medical evacuation, simply known as MEDEVAC, soon became central to the Army Medical Department's concept of battlefield care and evacuation.  During Vietnam, helicopter MEDEVAC became known as "Dustoff", a designation it has retained ever since..." Digital text of this and other related papers from the U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

Digital facsimile from the U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

"In the decade from 1935-1945, while the Second World War raged in Europe, a new class of medicines capable of controlling bacterial infections launched a therapeutic revolution that continues today. The new medicines were not penicillin and antibiotics, but sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs. The sulfa drugs preceded penicillin by almost a decade, and during World War II they carried the main therapeutic burden in both military and civilian medicine. Their success stimulated a rapid expansion of research and production in the international pharmaceutical industry, raised expectations of medicine, and accelerated the appearance of new and powerful medicines based on research. The latter development created new regulatory dilemmas and unanticipated therapeutic problems. The sulfa drugs also proved extraordinarily fruitful as starting points for new drugs or classes of drugs, both for bacterial infections and for a number of important non-infectious diseases...." (Publisher).

This work consists of a reproduction of Withering's classic text published in 1785, extensively annotated by Aronson, followed by Aronson's history of "the use of the digitalis glycosides and related compounds over the past 200 years."

The author was a noted explorer.

"The most in-depth study ever undertaken of how plague and other infectious diseases affected populations in Central Europe between 1560 and 1640. Based on quantitative data gleaned from over 800 parish registers, the extended time period covered has allowed for the comparison of seven successive plague cycles. Wide variations between the characteristics of local and regional epidemics were discovered during this extensive research and this publication examines the contributing factors behind these effects, such as settlement patterns, trade routes and extreme changes in weather. It also uncovers evidence of the existence of two separate fields of activity responsible for the distribution of outbreaks and flow of the disease: maritime and regional (inland). Despite such statistical disparities, the author concludes that plague waves, while sensitive to such factors, were resilient and eventually overcame any obstacles in their path" (publisher).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Comprehensive and detailed catalogue of Turkish medical writings produced during the Ottoman period from the 14th to early 20th centuries. "The main body of the book lists the medical works in chronological order under the names and biographies of their authors. The last section lists the books of which the authors and/or translators are not known. The first three volumes have illustrations at the end, such as reproductions of manuscripts, drawings or photographs of hospital buildings, laboratories, etc., and the fourth volume ends with indexes of personal names, book titles, place names, names of institutions, names of copyists, names of places mentioned in colophon, book ownership registers and waqf registers. The book covers 5607 treatises and articles on medicine, dentistry, pharmacology and veterinary sciences by 1430 authors" (publisher).

Old Uygur medical fragments, some of which are now lost, in the Berlin Turfan collection. Rachmati was the pioneer historian of Islamic Central Asian medicine.

Medieval medical texts from Turfan (Turpan), Central Asia.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

On the title page Dymock is identified as "Brigade Surgeon, Bombay Army, Principal Medical Storekeeper to Government." Warden is identified as "Surgeon-Major, Bengal Army, Professor of Chemistry in the Calcutta Medical College." Hooper is identified as "Quinologist to the Government of Madras, Ootacamund." Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Besides the historographical consideration of the value of laboratory notebooks for studying the history of experimentation and discovery, this volume includes studies of notebooks by Galvani, Schwann, Pavlov, Carl Correns, and Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, as well as notebooks of scientists who worked in the physical sciences, etc.

Digital facsimile from itsites.harvard.edu at this link.

The most comprehensive source about British mesmerism of the period, and an invaluable reference for contemporary ideas and developments not only in mesmerism (hypnosis) but also in phrenology, neurology and psychiatry. “It was round The Zoist, and hence of course round Elliotson, that British mesmerism centered during its period of most active expansion, from 1843 until the early 1850s.... More serious and more educated adherents subscribed, contributed and sent in cases; interested outsiders turned to it to find out more.... Setting aside articles on phrenology, mesmeric cures of disease fill the greatest percentage of its pages, followed by cases of surgical operations performed with mesmeric anesthesia” (Gault, A history of hypnotism, 207-208). One of the most prolific contributors to the journal was Scottish surgeon James Esdaile, who performed over a hundred painless operations on mesmerized patients in the 1840s while stationed in India; a partial list of these operations, including the amputation of an arm and breast and the removal of 17 scrotal tumors, is included in the 1846 volume of The Zoist. Digital facsimiles of all volumes are available from Google Books. The link to vol.1 is here.

"Gorgas capitalized on the momentous work of ... Walter Reed, who had himself built much of his work on insights of a Cuban doctor, Carlos Finlay, to prove the mosquito transmission of yellow fever. He won international fame battling the illness—then the scourge of tropical and sub-tropical climates—first in Florida, later in Havana, Cuba and finally, in 1904, at the Panama Canal.^[6]

As chief sanitary officer on the canal project, Gorgas implemented far-reaching sanitary programs including the draining of ponds and swamps, fumigation, mosquito netting, and public water systems. These measures were instrumental in permitting the construction of the Panama Canal, as they significantly prevented illness due to yellow fever and malaria (which had also been shown to be transmitted by mosquitoes in 1898) among the thousands of workers involved in the building project ^{[7]" (Wikipedia article on William C. Gorgas, accessed 03-2017).} Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from WHO.int at this link.

"Much of the rich store of material comes from the great legacy of medieval Gaelic manuscripts. In more recent times, papers of medical societies have shown how traditional methods and cures are still of value to modern medicine. In addition to a general historical background, which traces the story of Highland folk tradition from earliest times, Mary Beith describes a whole variety of traditional remedies, cures and practices, from the healing properties of stone and metal, animals and insects, to rituals, charms and incantations. Her book also includes a list of the most commonly used herbs" (Publisher).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. (First published in 1941.)

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from herablstudies.net at this link.

Digital facsimile from herbaltherapeutics.net at this link.

Digital facsimile from uair.library.arizona.edu at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Includes some ethnobotanical notes regarding medical remedies. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Medicinal and edible plants used by the Dakota, Omaha/Ponca, Winnebago and Pawnee peoples. Gilmore reports on 180 plants, and offers 16 pages of tables of names in various languages. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Digital facsimile from uaa.alaska.edu at this link.

Digital facsimile from swsbm.com at this link.

Digital facsimile from spiritoftherivers.wikispaces.com at this link.

Digital facsimile from nwic.edu at this link.